Chủ Nhật, 23 tháng 2, 2014

AN TOÀN TRONG PHÒNG CHỐNG CHÁY NỔ, NGUYÊN NHÂN VÀ CÁCH KHẮC PHỤC SỰ CỐ CHÁY NỔ TỪ CÁC THIẾT BỊ

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k3l/
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PKDG@K#feaMX@RKdv?@C
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NG#@KJDnN@CveƒYWL[@NGh
KYi@MX@RKdBvjsetD
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Š'ŠBŠŠBŠ!ŠLŠ+Š
Tên gọi và ký hiệu của các loại bình chữa cháy có ý nghĩa gì?
!DtDLeaL[@JNGhKYi@Dn
@SM@CDPKDS#`jDdN{KN@MX@
Y_]KP‰@CDMŠŠBŠ'ŠBŠŠBŠ!ŠLŠ+Š
SGr@Y_]K#`jDdYuYDW`@KY‚
Y`[eQ#feaHMX@RKd#feaJ
NGPKD
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
(Hình minh họa cho 1 bình chữa cháy)
Bình chữa cháy nhóm "A":
]Y_]KRP‰@CDŠŠNm#fea
L@CeEuNGhKYi@MX@LEM@CDrB@dBL`@
LL
Bình chửa cháy nhóm "B"
]Y_]KRP‰@CDŠ'ŠNm#fea
L@CeEuNGhKYi@MX@LEM@CDjsBetDB
#?BKMX@dMceFP
Bình chửa cháy nhóm "C"
]Y_]KRP‰@CDŠŠNm#fea
L@CeEuNGhKYi@DnN@CBK@AY‚GK
N@C
Bình chửa cháy nhóm "D"
 !"#?'@A* "?B<CBDEB!@FG
>

]Y_]KRP‰@CDŠ!ŠNm#fea
L@CeEuNGhKYi@MX@LEM@CDu#u}B
I@@SM@CDLL
Bình chửa cháy nhóm "K"
]Y_]KRP‰@CDŠ+ŠNm#fea
L@CeEuNGhKYi@MX@LEM@CDetDGŒU
LELL
Những điều cần chú ý khi dập một đám cháy:
ZI@GWMt]KPDAYXPISGX@pG
[]NG^DM[{Y`LCqGKgKZK
[P@^DKhG[@NG
[@XGL@Y@L@AZI@PIpDdYX
d`]I@KY@CP„DEeƒI
]KZI@PDSYX{\vKG@KGW
PRKDdMDCLO]Ke]@RDSGI
[eQD@SP@@AeEGWNG_GWL@
LdNOZKMSMD‰"
kR@ivitNGKPI•
k*feaLEM@CD•@AY‚_NpeENG
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kt#UrmP•
Kết luận:
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20
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Chương 2: NGUYÊN NHÂN VÀ CÁCH KHẮC PHỤC SỰ CỐ
CHÁY NỔ TỪ THIẾT BỊ
2.1 Nguyên nhân cháy nổ từ thiết bị điện
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22
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